EATING DISORDERS
(For GNM and B.Sc Nursing)
Introduction:
Eating disorders are serious conditions related to persistent eating behaviors that negatively impact your health, your emotions and your ability to function in important areas of life. The most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder.
Most eating disorders involve focusing too much on your weight, body shape and food, leading to dangerous eating behaviors. These behaviors can significantly impact your body's ability to get appropriate nutrition. Eating disorders can harm the heart, digestive system, bones, and teeth and mouth, and lead to other diseases.
Eating disorders often develop in the teen and young adult years, although they can develop at other ages. With treatment, you can return to healthier eating habits and sometimes reverse serious complications caused by the eating disorder.
Definition:
Eating disorders are psychiatric illnesses characterized by altered eating pattern and disturbances in body image.
Classification:
1. Anorexia nervosa
2. Bulimia Nervosa
3. Binge eating disorder
Etiology:
1. Psychological factor: Low self esteem, feeling of inadequacy or failure, feeling out of control, Response to change, response to stress, personal stress
2. Interpersonal Factor: Troubled family and personal relationships, difficulty expressing emotions and feelings, History of being teased or ridiculed based on size or weight, history of physical or sexual abuse.
3. Social/ Cultural Factor: cultural pressure that glorify thinness and place value on obtaining the perfect body, Narrow definitions of beautythat include only women and med of specific body weights,
4. Biological factor: Family history
1. Anorexia Nervosa:::::::::
Anorexia nervosa is psychiatry disorder characterized by a voluntary refusal to eat and obsessed with idea of becoming thin.
Sign and symptoms:
Significant weight loss, Distorted body image, intense fear and anxiety, feelings of guilt after eating, denial of low weight, abuse of laxatives, diuretics, excessive exercise, denial of hunger, thin, dull, dry hair, skin and nails.
Bulimia Nervosa:
Bulimia Nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by bingeing (excessive or compulsive consumption of food) and purging (getting rid of food).
Sign and symptoms:
Repeated episodes of binge eating and purging, eating beyond the point of fullness, feeling out of control during a binge, frequent dieting, extreme concerned with body weight and shape,high level of anxiety and depression, swollen parotid glands in cheeks, heartburn, feeeling of shame and guilt.
Binge eating disorder
Eating in a specific period of tim, an amount of food that is definitely larger than most peoplewould eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances.
Sign and symptoms
Eating much more rapidly than normal, lack of control over eating , weight gain/ fluctuation, eating untill uncomfortably/ painfully full, feeling of shame and guilt, eating alone, secretive eating, low self esteem.
other non specified eating disorders:
Pica: it is a pattern of eatingnon food materials.
Rumination: It is a eating disorder characterized by the regurgitation of undigested food.
TREATMENT:
Psychopharmacological:
Anti anxiety, anti depression and sometimes anti psychotic drugs are also given.
Other treatment:
Family based therapy: Family members are acknowledged about the condition of patient. As family members are more invoved with client they can motivate more.Trea
CBT-E(cognitive behavioral therapy-e)
it involves i. realistic expectation, identifying potential setbacks, developing strategies to respond to patient setbacks, focusing on maintaining progress and preventing relapse.
Individual psychotherapy
Group therapy
behavioral weight loss
Soumya Ranjan Parida
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